This application note’s primary goal is to provide an easy-to-understand primer for users who are not familiar with 4-20mA current-loops and their applications. Some of the many topics discussed ...

Imagine this scenario: There is a flow meter with 4–20 mA output setup. The switch is flipped, thereby turning it on. Then it is noted that the readings are off, and the required output is not shown.

Combining two TLx431 regulators together to make a programmable gain current mirror that can be also used for a current loop ...

Significant efficiency and performance improvements can be realized by improving the current loop’s power supplies, replacing linear regulators with high-efficiency buck regulators. It also increases ...

Instrument loop problems are frustrating at the best of times and can be really time consuming affairs to deal with. Most of the time these problems are related to isolation and ground faults.