Mathematicians rely on numbers, but finding words to explain different levels of certainty has stymied everyone from the ...

Introduction After the WHO prequalified the first vaccine against mpox, we aimed to identify the influence of vaccine ...

Discover how emotional biases impact stock market crash estimates. See why expert analysis suggests lower risk and learn how to refine your own forecasts.

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

where $l$ and $u$ are the lower and upper probability bounds, while $\phi$ and $\psi$ denote propositional logic formulas. For example the following two sentences ...

Abstract: During an eruptive event, the near-real-time monitoring of volcanic explosion onset and its mass flow rate (MFR) is a key factor to predict ash plume dispersion and to mitigate risk to air ...

Physicists have derived a quantum version of Bayes’ rule, revealing how beliefs and probabilities update in the quantum realm with potential applications in computing and beyond. Credit: Shutterstock ...

Future events are far from certain in the business world. This is especially true for smaller businesses, which tend to have more volatility than larger organizations, or newer businesses without a ...